Start with the question a study actually asks.
Prospective resuscitation studies, retrospective accounts, research scales, physiological observations, and explanatory models are distinct types of evidence. An experience-content score classifies what someone reports; it does not measure honesty or establish heaven.
Cardiac arrest, coma, absence of detected activity, and irreversible death are not interchangeable. A resuscitated patient’s recollection alone does not establish when the experience occurred.
AWARE II: outcomes belong together
The published abstract reports 567 in-hospital cardiac arrests, 53 survivors, and 28 completed interviews. Six interviewees reported a transcendent recalled experience of death; no participant identified the visual target, while one identified an auditory stimulus.
Read the sources
S013 · van Lommel et al. — prospective Netherlands study (2001)Link and review; reuse rights not establishedS014 · Parnia et al. — AWARE I (2014)
Link and review; reuse rights not establishedS015 · Parnia et al. — AWARE II (2023)
Abstract reviewed; full-text rights separateS017 · Kovoor et al. — cardiac-arrest NDE scoping review (2024)
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Scales are not truth scores.
The Greyson scale and NDE-C scale offer approaches to classifying reported experience. Instrument version, administration, and human review matter. A score derived informally from a book is not equivalent to a research-administered result and should not be presented as one.
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S011 · Greyson — The Near-Death Experience Scale (1983)Read; check instrument reproduction and administration rightsS012 · Martial et al. — NDE-C scale (2020)
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Mechanisms and counterarguments
Brain activity studies investigate physiological processes relevant to proposed mechanisms. Neural findings alone do not reveal the contents of a reported experience. The NEPTUNE model, its published critique, and its authors’ reply belong together: a model is not a settled explanation of every account.
A possible natural mechanism does not automatically resolve every observation, and an unresolved observation does not establish a particular theological conclusion. Arguments should state what would support them and what could challenge them.
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S016 · Xu et al. — dying human brain gamma activity (2023)Link and review; reuse rights not establishedS018 · Martial et al. — NEPTUNE model (2025)
Link and review; reuse rights not establishedS019 · O’Grady and Varghese — critique of neurocentric models (2025)
Publisher preview reviewed; full text not reviewedS020 · Reply to limitations of neurocentric models (2025)
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What a responsible review includes
Christian, non-Christian, ambiguous, distressing, and contrary reports must be treated within a stated scope. Self-selected archive collections are not population samples. Ten retellings of one event remain one reported event, not ten independent confirmations.
This initial library has not completed a systematic review or audited all external links and medical records. Its register preserves discovery and rights notes. Full-text permissions, study appraisal, and independent editorial review remain separate work.
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S003 · IANDS — personal NDE accountsLink and review; reuse rights not establishedS005 · IANDS — index to NDE literature
Link and review; reuse rights not establishedS021 · IANDS — pleasurable and distressing experiences
Link and review; reuse rights not establishedS022 · Nancy Evans Bush — distressing-experience work
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